Beta as used in finance, investing, and stock trading refers to the risk exposure of a specified financial asset in relation to the overall market, otherwise referred to as systematic risk.
The highest body of authority in charge of the overall financial stability in Switzerland is the Swiss National Bank (SNB).
Equity financing is when a company seeks external funding from investors through the issue of shares, normally in the form of common stocks.
Debt financing is when companies borrow external money to fund projects, or in the case with startups, to kick start operations.
Companies, generally, whether start ups or blue chips, may at some point in time, during or before the existence of the business, need to seek some form of funding.